coral reefs in the philippines pdf

(�� (�� )( ��J( ��( ��( ��( ��( �� endstream Hence, a nationwide assessment was initiated in 2014 to update the information on the status of coral reefs in the Philippines. (PDF) Coral reef resource management in the Philippines - with focus on marine protected areas as a management tool. ��i)kC�(��4QE QE QE �0��њJ�+_AMQZ#6�� <> stream This is mostly due to the increasing â¦ %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�� Municipal coral reef fisheries contribute to around 10-20% of the total municipal fisheries production in the Philippines (Murdy and Ferraris 1980). <> The coral reefs of the Philippinesâthe second-largest in Southeast Asiaâsupport hundreds of species of corals and fish. At first, a coral reef looks like a moving mosaic. That report was used as the basis of a paper on the coral reef degradation in Southeast Asia (Yap and Gomez 1985b). stream This Mission aims to document the myriad coral species found in Philippine waters, in order to afford an appreciation of the diversity and beauty of the ocean's rainforest; and to somehow provide a view of the â¦ Corals can be animal, mineral, â¦ The Philippines is known to be at the global center of marine biodiversity, and is an integral part of the Coral Triangle. (��QL�(�EPE-% QE h��Q@��(��(��(��(��(��(�aE� �RQ@IKI@IE R�Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@�� QIE -Q@�� QE QIE -�� QIE -�P�IE uV�H��U��V��S��R��-7G0'Ֆj�G�#�4�"��c��{_��n Plankton is the food for corals. 4 0 obj Both were highest in the fully-formed reefs of the Sulu Sea biogeographic region and lowest in the eastern Philippines. ]c\RbKSTQ�� C''Q6.6QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ�� " �� Reefs in the Philippines boast 421 of the 577 known species of coral. Atlas of the Philippine Coral Reefs - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. It continues the general thematic approaches outlined in the three-volume Coral Reefs of the World by the United Nations Environment Program-International Union for Conservation The Philippine Coral Reef, the gateway to our larger Coral Reefs of the World exhibit, highlights waters known as the center of marine biodiversityâan area of unbelievable beauty and importance.From the main museum floor, gaze over a shallow, sandy lagoon inhabited by giant rays, and schools of fish. (�� (��(�� (�� (�� }eaL|��n�l�R�*̭KND.�j_��#8ǭ0 ��{f!��qH,&(��qE-J(�� Kochzius M (1999) Interrelation of ichthyofauna from a seagrass meadow and coral reef in the Philippines. 5 0 obj An important viewpoint on artificial reefs In the Philippines was provided to the workshop by Dr. Angel C. Alcala, Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of the Philippines, who set up the first artificial reef in the Philippines in Dumaguete in 1977. (�� (�� Figure 1 â A map showing the global distribution of warm and cold water coral reefs (WWF - Coral Reefs, 2016) It is estimated that almost 20% of the global coral reefs show severe levels of degradation and a further 15% are thought to be at risk of imminent degradation (Edwards, 2010). ôl,Ì|Üfec<>«´ÿ æÒQÖ'ùjÜé$jå$I)I$JQ0$¯:úÏÖ]ÕóQýCéî7|ø¥úéÕKôjt_MmC. endobj �JB �!LH�Rj+O��o�K��H?�� n�_��vg�"�_.� <>/XObject<>/Font<>/Pattern<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> park managers who need to describe coral reefs or document changes in them over time. JZJ (��QE QE �R�E%- %-% R�Q@E% �RQ@Q@-%- QI@-% �RR�IE R�R�QKI@Q@Q@IE QE QE- %Q@Q@Q@�dRb� With approximately 9,600 square miles of reef systems, the country ranks third worldwide in terms of coral reef area, following Indonesia and Australia. Scientists have identified 915 reef fish species and more than 400 scleractinian coral species, 12 of which are endemic. endobj Main ideas: » Coral reefs in the Philippines are home to some of area of the coral reefs in the country. (�� Artificial reefs are one of the manage- �j��E��p'��E~��+��F��H��(l�X��!�$��L %PDF-1.5 ví°ÄpññiÕ\M ×)$IJI$RI$¤I%)$3sqð1íV%Ç¿ÀyË'&Z]~Eª¦ sÜ`.¬}vËÌsñú@ô);!Ú§ôÉÏñC¯@Ó÷¥9Çõ¥ø0eÎ# k3Ël°lv®²Â`ü¹?5aHåÀû)nð¤ðî«K,äu-Idº±ÖÞ'ÚÎcðKR9Ñ0×IL²VZÛLQ44 \¸¢Ço¼$tðDJ@î":´ê¶©àèúçB>ßèÿ ]rñhêß§ èÜêàòO`ü³Ô3ãæd4:¾K/Ç±¶Õ`½¦AE^eÒzÖ_BÈÝYuo?§Çwo1à| The Atlas of Philippine Coral Reefs is part of a continuing series of updates on the state of reefs in the Philippines. 6 0 obj (��Q@��(�aIKE %Q@��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(�AEP0��( ��( ��( �� 2,3,6,18 The Philippines lies within the Coral Triangle, which includes more than 75 percent of all coral â¦ Watch carefully and youâll see order in the mix. (�� PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS . With more than 9,600 square miles of reef systems, the Philippines are home to nearly 9 percent of the world's total reef area. (�� A country of more than 7,000 islands, the Philippines is one of the most coral-rich areas in the world. bleaching. �� } !1AQa"q2��#B��R��$3br� (�� THE YEAR IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, 2009 Coral Reefs Threats and Conservation in an Era of Global Change Bernhard Riegl,a Andy Bruckner,b Steve L. Coles,c Philip Renaud,b and Richard E. Dodgea aNational Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida, USA bKhaled Bin Sultan Living â¦ (�� (��(��(��(��(��(��(��ZJ (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� JZ(�� ))h��(h�� JZ)(h��J(i)h��(�� Moorea: Antenne Museum-Ephe. (�� atlas of the philippine coral reefs Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. 06 Philippine Coral Reef Educator Guide California Academy of Sciences c. key concepts Philippine Coral Reef The more you watch, the more youâll see. Only 5% of corals in the Philippines are considered to be in excellent condition. In: Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fisheries Conference, Nouméa, 1997. (�� (�� (�� In the Philippines, coral reefs have been slowly dying over the past 30 years. In Tan-awan, Oslob, Philippines, whale sharks are attracted to the shallow reefs where they are provisioned up to 50 tons yâ1 of feed and this phenomenon in turn attracts â¦ In a situationer on coral reefs of Southeast Asia (Gomez 1980}, I outlined the problems of reefs in the region. Coral reefs cover approximately 26,000 square kilometers (10,039 square miles) around the Philippines. (��Q@��( ��(��(��(��E6);%-BbQE(�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�PEPEP ��(QE QE QE(��QE QE Introduction. The Philippine archipelago is well known for its species-rich coral reefs, yet updated information on the present status of its coral reefs at the national level is lacking. JZ( ��( �� )h�� Our house reef, based about 20 meters from where you will stay, is one of the best dive sites in the Philippines. Olly McGuiness may struggle getting a good cup of coffee in this remote part of the southern Philippines, but his view from the office makes up for it. $4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�� ? As to actual problems of Philippine coral reefs, one of the Indonesia and the Philippines contain about 77% of the regions coral reef systems, and with 98% of the Philippine coral reefs seriously threatened by human activities, it is obvious that there needs to be serious changes to â¦ �� w !1AQaq"2�B�� #3R�br� P�Bl (��?��R8�b�!ߛ{+�Ĕq��ΉT�Ԓ'��\�� Y��M�z��Y�E#��ʢ��̣{X��k�3�K 7��\��(��d��tSl#Ê��"Ҭ̚��tٶY]ª��ڬ�H��A�uF"y�R��Ҙ;�l�'��U(i�N�-��RRhg��6�F��`�B��Ğc6��h֘�@�H�P�1��Qww�u�'j�ud��2Y)��Q� <> The weighted average hard coral cover (HCC) was 22.8% (±1.2 SE) and coral generic diversity averaged 14.5 (±0.5 SE). <> (�� (�� (�� %�� (��EP0��( ��( ��( ��( ��((��(�AEPEPEPE% �QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE %�PR�E 1 0 obj (�� JFIF ` ` �� C (��QH�(�AES ��( ��)(��b )i( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��( ��()i)h(�� ZJ(��(��(��(��(�� )(�� )i(�� 517â535. Printed in: Manila, Philippines October 2013 For more information on the six-nation Coral Triangle Initiative, please contact: Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF) Interim Regional Secretariat Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands Affairs Ministry of Marine Affairs and â¦ This is your chance to help protect this vibrant ecosystem. (�� The provinces of Palawan, Mindoro (Oriental and Occidental), and Batangas, contribute the largest coastal tourism revenues associated with coral reefs. 49. J(��(��(��(��(�26�㡡��1�r�RE��VQF�. !(!0*21/*.-4;K@48G9-.BYBGNPTUT3? (�� As generations of corals die, the lime skeletons of the dead micro organisms will build-up the coral reefs. Coral reefs are degrading worldwide, due to drivers directly or indirectly linked to human activities (Smith et al., 2016; Graham et al., 2017; Hughes et al., 2017).More recent impacts of anthropogenic climate change on coral reefs include temperature-related coral bleaching and severe storm â¦ 2018) but to food security (Cabral and Geronimo 2018) and shoreline protection â¦ Russ GR, Alcala AC, Maypa AP, Calumpong P, White AT (2004) Marine reserve â¦ CCC have been in the Philippines for nearly 20-years and at our current site in Napantao since 2008. (�� Many tourist establishments in the Philippines do not emphasize how peopleâs behavior around coral reefs can greatly affect reef health.Tourism has the potential to promote reef conservation but instead, in these current circumstances, it is contributing to the overall decline of coral reef health. It takes a coral reef 5 years to grow one inch. The World Atlas of Coral Reefs, compiled by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), reported that 97 percent of reefs in the Philippines are under threat from destructive fishing techniques, including cyanide poisoning, over-fishing, or from â¦ endobj endobj 15 Philippine Aquaculture Output by Culture Environment 41 16 Foreign Tourist Arrivals, 2009â2011 43 17 10 Busiest Philippine Port Management Offices, 2009 45 18 Level of Exploitation and Fish Biomass in Coral Reefs in the Philippines 50 19 Actual Live Exports of Groupers from Palawan Compared to Estimated Atlas of Philippine Coral Reefs Philreefs series of publications Issue 322 of UPMSI contribution: Contributor: Coral Reef Information Network of the Philippines: Publisher: Goodwill Trading Co., Inc., 2002: ISBN: 9711202506, 9789711202507: Length: 264 pages : Export Citation: BiBTeX EndNote RefMan (��Q@Q@%-% QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE ��PE� QE QE- �� QE- %Q@E%- �Q@Q@Q@Q@��(�c�� Although no book can substitute for a hands-on training program or on-site assistance from someone experienced in the technique you want to learn, the need for coral reef monitoring is urgent and the number of "experts" is still small. 1. The World Wildlife Fund estimates that the âeconomic cost over a 25-year period of destroying one kilometer of coral reef is somewhereâ between $137,000 and $1,200,000. Based off the tourist track in Sogod Bay, Southern Leyte, at our project site in the small village of Napantao, you'll live meters from Napantao Fish Sanctuary, an area offering some of the best reefs in Southern Leyte.The sanctuary is a coral-taxonomist's dream, with near 50% coral cover, and is home to an astounding â¦ Coral reef ecosystems cover only 1% of the ocean, but 25% of marine creatures live in them. Reef-based tourism has been developing rapidly in recent decades yet its impacts on reef ecosystems are often overlooked. endobj 2 0 obj (�� <> 2,3,4,5 Already endangered by direct human activity, these reefs are under additional pressure from global warming. The Philippine coral reef area, the second largest in Southeast Asia, is estimated at 26,000 square kilometers and holds an extraordinary diversity of species. Estimated coral reef areas (red lines) Investigation of Coral Reef Resources of the Philippines (1976-1981) â¢nationwide assessment of coral reefs â¢>500 reef sites surveyed â¢produced the quartile benchmark standard (i.e., poor: 0-24.9%, fair:25-49%, good: 50-74%, excellent:75-100% live coral cover) Keywords: climate change, coral cover, coral reefs, diversity, monitoring *Corresponding Author: wilfredo.licuanan@dlsu.edu.ph Coral reefs are significant to the Philippines, not just in terms of their contribution to the economy (Tamayo et al. x��o�@��#��eZ��+w��bZ�!1��*i�M�$�_�} +�LCUs��g�|��a @p!�TJ8pJ@l�Y|:�2Ɨ��&$��J��A��$n�� i�>�;L��a��2�,�W�g㩅o��y�t_��0�;��@� The Philippines has approximately 27,000 square kilometers of coral reefs. Over the years, however, coral reefs began to vanish. 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